Simultaneous emulation and downscaling of modeled soil state variables with machine learning

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We propose a lightweight, computationally efficient machine learning (ML) model capable of emulating the LIS-based soil moisture and soil temperature and downscaling them from a native 10 km resolution to 1 km resolution. Our approach is extendable to other variables as long as a non-linear relationship between meteorological forcing and the variable of interest can be conceptualized as modulated by local conditions (elevation, soil type, land cover, vegetation). Then, a branched neural network (NN) architecture structurally represents this relationsh...